Astrocytomas

What are Astrocytomas?

Astrocytomas are a type of brain tumour that originates in astrocytes, star-shaped cells within the brain and spinal cord. These cells are a critical component of the central nervous system, playing a role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and supporting neuronal function. Astrocytomas are part of a larger group of brain tumours known as gliomas.

Types of Astrocytomas

Astrocytomas are categorised based on their grade, which reflects their growth rate and aggressiveness. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies astrocytomas as follows:

1. Grade I (Pilocytic Astrocytoma): These are slow-growing and generally considered benign. They are more common in children and often arise in the cerebellum.

2. Grade II (Diffuse Astrocytoma): These are slower-growing but infiltrative, making complete surgical removal challenging.

3. Grade III (Anaplastic Astrocytoma): These tumours grow more rapidly and are considered malignant.

4. Grade IV (Glioblastoma): The most aggressive and invasive form, glioblastomas are highly malignant and require intensive treatment.

Symptoms of Astrocytomas

Symptoms vary depending on the tumour's location, size, and grade but may include:

• Persistent headaches

• Nausea or vomiting

• Seizures

• Changes in personality or behaviour

• Weakness or sensory changes in limbs

• Vision problems or difficulties in speech and coordination

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis: Astrocytomas are typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the tumour type and grade.

Treatment:

• Surgery: The primary approach for low-grade astrocytomas is surgical resection to remove as much of the tumour as possible.

• Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: These are often used for higher-grade tumours to target residual cancer cells post-surgery.

• Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific genetic mutations in tumours may offer additional treatment options for some patients.

Conclusion

Astrocytomas, though complex, are manageable with the right diagnosis and treatment plan. If you or your loved one are experiencing symptoms that could indicate a brain tumour, consult a healthcare professional promptly for evaluation. Early intervention is crucial in improving outcomes and quality of life. For more information or to schedule a consultation, visit the Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center today.