Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel—a narrow passageway in the wrist. This compression leads to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and fingers, particularly the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Carpal tunnel syndrome often develops gradually and can significantly impact daily activities if left untreated. It is commonly associated with repetitive hand movements, wrist strain, or underlying medical conditions.

Types of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome can be classified based on its severity and underlying causes. Common types include:

Mild Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: In the early stages, symptoms may be intermittent and include tingling or numbness in the fingers, especially during activities like typing or driving.

Moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: At this stage, symptoms become more persistent and can include weakness in the hand, difficulty gripping objects, and discomfort that disrupts sleep.

Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: If untreated, CTS can progress to severe nerve damage, causing significant weakness, muscle wasting in the hand, and loss of sensation in the affected fingers.

Secondary Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: This occurs due to underlying conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, pregnancy, or hypothyroidism, which contribute to swelling or inflammation in the carpal tunnel.

Benefits of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Timely diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome can prevent the condition from worsening and offer several advantages:

• Improved Function: Early intervention preserves hand strength and dexterity.

• Pain Relief: Prompt treatment reduces discomfort and improves quality of life.

• Prevention of Complications: Addressing the condition early can prevent permanent nerve damage.

• Faster Recovery: Early treatment often results in a quicker resolution of symptoms.

Symptoms and Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome vary depending on its severity. Common symptoms include:

• Tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, especially during repetitive tasks or at night.

• Weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip or hold objects.

• Pain that radiates from the wrist up the arm or into the palm.

• A "pins and needles" sensation in the hand or fingers.

• Clumsiness or a tendency to drop objects due to weakened hand strength.

Common Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

• Repetitive Movements: Frequent use of the hands and wrists, such as typing, assembly line work, or playing musical instruments.

• Wrist Injuries: Fractures, sprains, or other trauma to the wrist that narrows the carpal tunnel.

• Medical Conditions: Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, and pregnancy can increase the risk of developing CTS.

• Anatomy: Certain anatomical factors, such as a smaller carpal tunnel, can make individuals more susceptible.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis: Diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome involves a combination of clinical evaluations and tests. Steps may include:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: To assess symptoms, wrist function, and grip strength.

• Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): To measure electrical signals in the median nerve and identify compression.

• Electromyography (EMG): To evaluate nerve and muscle function in the hand and wrist.

• Ultrasound or MRI: In certain cases, imaging may be used to identify swelling or structural abnormalities in the carpal tunnel.

Treatment Options: Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Options include:

• Lifestyle Modifications:

  • Take frequent breaks from repetitive tasks and adjust hand positioning.

  • Use ergonomic keyboards or wrist supports to reduce strain.

• Non-Surgical Treatments:

  • Wrist Splints: Wearing a splint at night or during activities to keep the wrist in a neutral position.

  • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce discomfort.

  • Steroid Injections: To decrease inflammation and provide temporary relief.

• Physical Therapy:

  • Hand and wrist exercises to improve strength and flexibility.

  • Stretching techniques to reduce pressure on the median nerve.

• Surgical Options:

  • Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: Performed when non-surgical methods fail, this procedure relieves pressure on the median nerve by cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. This can be performed as an open surgery or using a minimally invasive approach.

Conclusion

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common but manageable condition that can significantly impact your daily activities and quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to preventing the condition from worsening and ensuring a full recovery. At Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center, we offer comprehensive care for carpal tunnel syndrome, from diagnosis to customised treatment plans tailored to your needs. If you are experiencing symptoms of CTS, schedule a consultation with us today to regain function, comfort, and quality of life.