Craniosynostosis

What is Craniosynostosis?

Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the sutures in a baby’s skull close prematurely, before the brain has fully developed. These sutures are flexible joints that allow the skull to expand as the brain grows. When they close too early, it can lead to abnormal head shapes and, in some cases, increased pressure inside the skull. Craniosynostosis may occur as an isolated condition or as part of a genetic syndrome.

Types of Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is classified based on the affected suture and the resulting head shape:

• Sagittal Synostosis (Scaphocephaly): The most common form, causing a long and narrow head shape.

• Coronal Synostosis (Unilateral or Bilateral Plagiocephaly): Leads to an asymmetrical or wide head shape, depending on whether one or both sutures are involved.

• Metopic Synostosis (Trigonocephaly): Results in a triangular forehead and a pointed front of the skull.

• Lambdoid Synostosis: The rarest form, causing a flattening at the back of the head.

Symptoms of Craniosynostosis

Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the condition but may include:

• An unusual head shape that becomes noticeable within the first few months of life.

• A hard ridge along the affected suture.

• Slow growth of the head compared to the baby’s body.

• Increased intracranial pressure, which can result in symptoms like vomiting, irritability, and developmental delays (in severe cases).

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis: Craniosynostosis is usually diagnosed through:

• Physical Examination: Identifying abnormal head shapes and palpable suture ridges.

• Imaging Studies: CT scans or X-rays can confirm premature suture closure and assess the severity.

Treatment: The treatment of craniosynostosis often requires surgical intervention, particularly in moderate to severe cases:

1. Surgery:

   • Cranial Vault Remodeling: A procedure to reshape the skull and allow normal brain growth.

   • Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery: Performed in younger infants, often followed by helmet therapy to mould the skull.

2. Helmet Therapy:

   • Used post-surgery or for milder cases to guide skull growth.

3. Multidisciplinary Care:

   • Some children may need ongoing monitoring and care from specialists in neurosurgery, genetics, and developmental paediatrics.

Conclusion

Craniosynostosis is a manageable condition when diagnosed and treated early. At Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center, our multidisciplinary team is dedicated to providing personalised care for children with craniosynostosis, ensuring the best possible outcomes. If you have concerns about your child’s head shape or development, seek medical advice promptly. Early intervention can significantly improve your child’s quality of life. For expert guidance and care, visit the Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center today.