Endoscopic Microdiscectomy

What is Endoscopic Microdiscectomy?

Endoscopic microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to treat herniated discs in the spine. By using an endoscope—a small camera attached to a thin tube—surgeons can access and remove the damaged portion of the disc that is compressing a nerve. This approach reduces trauma to surrounding tissues and promotes faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery. Endoscopic microdiscectomy is an effective option for patients experiencing chronic back or leg pain caused by a herniated disc.

Types of Endoscopic Microdiscectomy

Endoscopic microdiscectomy procedures may vary depending on the location of the herniated disc and the surgical technique used. Common types include:

• Transforaminal Endoscopic Microdiscectomy: This technique involves accessing the herniated disc through the foraminal space (a natural opening where nerves exit the spine). It is commonly used for herniations in the lumbar spine.

• Interlaminar Endoscopic Microdiscectomy: Used for lower lumbar herniations near the midline, this approach involves accessing the disc between the vertebral laminae.

• Cervical Endoscopic Microdiscectomy: For herniated discs in the neck (cervical spine), this procedure removes the damaged portion of the disc while preserving surrounding structures.

• Thoracic Endoscopic Microdiscectomy: A less common approach for herniated discs in the upper and mid-back (thoracic spine).

Benefits of Endoscopic Microdiscectomy

Endoscopic microdiscectomy offers numerous advantages compared to traditional open surgery, including:

• Minimally Invasive Access: Small incisions minimise muscle and tissue damage, leading to less postoperative pain.

• Reduced Recovery Time: Patients typically recover more quickly and return to their daily activities sooner.

• Preservation of Spinal Stability: The procedure removes only the damaged portion of the disc, leaving the rest of the spine intact.

• Lower Risk of Complications: Smaller incisions and reduced tissue disruption lower the risk of infection, bleeding, and other complications.

• Outpatient Procedure: Many cases can be performed on an outpatient basis, reducing the need for extended hospital stays.

Symptoms and Conditions Treated with Endoscopic Microdiscectomy

Endoscopic microdiscectomy is commonly used to treat conditions that cause nerve compression and associated symptoms. These include:

• Herniated Discs: Discs that bulge or rupture, pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain, numbness, or weakness.

• Sciatica: Pain that radiates down the leg due to nerve compression in the lower spine.

• Radiculopathy: Nerve irritation or inflammation resulting in pain or tingling radiating into the arms or legs.

• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal that compresses nerves, particularly when caused by herniated discs.

Diagnosis and Treatment Process

Diagnosis: A thorough diagnostic evaluation is necessary to determine if endoscopic microdiscectomy is the right option. Steps include:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: To identify symptoms and assess nerve function and mobility.

• Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans are used to confirm the presence of a herniated disc and locate the affected area.

• Nerve Function Tests: Electromyography (EMG) may be performed to assess the extent of nerve involvement.

Treatment: The endoscopic microdiscectomy process involves the following steps:

• Preoperative Planning: Imaging studies are used to create a detailed surgical plan tailored to the patient’s anatomy and the location of the herniated disc.

• Surgical Procedure: Through a small incision, an endoscope is inserted to visualise the affected area. Specialised instruments are used to remove the herniated portion of the disc, relieving pressure on the nerve.

• Postoperative Care: Patients typically receive a personalised rehabilitation plan, including physical therapy, to restore mobility and strength. Recovery is usually quicker and less painful compared to traditional surgery.

Conclusion

Endoscopic microdiscectomy is a highly effective, minimally invasive solution for patients suffering from herniated discs and related symptoms. By utilising small incisions and advanced visualisation, this procedure minimises recovery time, reduces pain, and preserves spinal stability. If you are experiencing back pain, sciatica, or other symptoms of a herniated disc, schedule a consultation with us today to explore your treatment options. Let us help you find relief and regain your quality of life.