Scoliosis

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterised by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often resembling an "S" or "C" shape when viewed from the back. While scoliosis can develop at any age, it most commonly appears during the growth spurt just before puberty. The condition ranges from mild curves, which may not cause noticeable symptoms, to severe cases that can affect posture, movement, and overall quality of life.

Types of Scoliosis

Scoliosis is classified based on its underlying cause, age of onset, and pattern of curvature. The main types include:

Idiopathic ScoliosisThe most common form, idiopathic scoliosis has no identifiable cause and is further divided into:

• Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): Occurs between the ages of 10 and 18 and accounts for the majority of cases.

• Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Develops in children aged 4 to 10.

• Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Appears before the age of 4 and is relatively rare.

Congenital ScoliosisThis type is present at birth and results from improper formation or fusion of the spine during foetal development.

Neuromuscular ScoliosisAssociated with neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal muscular atrophy, this form arises due to muscle imbalance or weakness.

Degenerative ScoliosisAlso known as adult-onset scoliosis, this type develops later in life due to age-related spinal changes, such as arthritis or disc degeneration.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

The symptoms of scoliosis vary depending on the severity and type of curvature. Common signs include:

• Uneven shoulders or waist.

• One hip appearing higher than the other.

• A visible curve in the spine.

• Back pain, particularly in adults with degenerative scoliosis.

• Difficulty breathing or reduced lung capacity in severe cases.

Warning Signs: Seek medical evaluation if:

• The curvature is noticeable and worsening over time.

• The individual experiences significant pain, numbness, or weakness.

• There is a visible imbalance in posture or difficulty with movement.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis: Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The diagnostic process may involve:

• Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will assess posture, symmetry, and the range of motion in the spine.

• Imaging Studies: X-rays are the standard tool for measuring the degree of spinal curvature (Cobb angle). MRI or CT scans may be recommended for further evaluation.

• Medical History: Information about family history, growth patterns, and any associated conditions.

Treatment Options: The management of scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature, age of the patient, and associated symptoms. Treatment approaches include:

• Observation:

  • Mild cases with curves less than 20 degrees may be monitored regularly with periodic X-rays.

  • This approach is often used for children whose bones are still growing.

• Bracing:

  • A back brace is commonly prescribed for adolescents with moderate curves (20-40 degrees) to prevent progression during growth.

  • Modern braces are designed to be discreet and effective with consistent use.

• Physical Therapy:

  • Exercises to strengthen the core muscles, improve posture, and enhance flexibility.

  • Customised programmes may help reduce pain and improve spinal alignment.

• Surgery:

  • Recommended for severe cases where the curve exceeds 40-50 degrees or causes significant pain or functional limitations.

  • Spinal fusion is the most common procedure, involving the joining of vertebrae to stabilise the spine.

• Alternative Therapies:

  • Chiropractic care or acupuncture may offer additional pain relief, but they are not substitutes for medical treatment.

  • Yoga and Pilates can complement other treatments by improving posture and muscle strength.

Conclusion

Scoliosis is a condition that requires early detection and tailored care to prevent complications and improve quality of life. With the right diagnosis and treatment plan, most individuals can lead active, fulfilling lives. At Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center, our specialists offer expert evaluation and comprehensive treatment options for scoliosis. If you or a loved one are concerned about spinal health, contact us today to schedule a consultation. Let us help you take the first step towards a healthier spine.