The Nervous System Unlocked
- Mar 27
- 2 min read
Brain & Nervous System Anatomy & Function
The human nervous system is a complex and highly organised network that controls movement, sensation, and thought. At the centre of this system is the brain, which works together with the spinal cord and nerves to regulate essential bodily functions. Understanding the different parts of the brain and nervous system can help in appreciating how the body functions every day.
At Singapore Brain Spine and Nerves Centre, we believe that knowledge is key to neurological health. This blog provides an overview of key structures within the nervous system, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, and ventricles, as well as the protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord. Learning about these structures offers insight into how the body processes information and maintains balance, coordination, and overall function.
Arachnoid Mater - One of the three meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord, it is the delicate middle layer of these three membranes.
Axon - A part of a nerve cell that conducts electrical signals to other nerves or structures.
Caudate Nucleus - Part of the basal ganglia, which are brain cells that lie deep in the brain.
Cerebellum - The lower part of the brain; located beneath the posterior portion of the cerebrum, that regulates unconscious coordination of movement.
Cerebrum - The principal portion of the brain; occupies the major portion of the interior of the skull and controls conscious movement, sensation and thought.
Cerebrospinal Fluid - Water-like fluid that circulates around and protects the brain and spinal cord.
Choroid Plexus -A vascular structure in the ventricles of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is produced.
Dura Mater - A tough fibrous membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord; the outermost layer of three membranes.
Hypothalamus - A collection of specialised nerve cells at the base of the brain that controls the anterior and posterior pituitary secretions; is involved in other basic regulatory functions such as body temperature, hunger and thirst.
Leptomeninges - Two thin layers of fine tissue covering the brain and spinal cord; consists of the pia mater and the arachnoid.
Occiput - The back part of the head
Thalamus -A structure in the brain associated with transmitting sensory and motor signals; also controls sleep and attentiveness.
Vermis -Middle part of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres; plays a part in body posture and motion.
Ventricles - The chambers within the brain that contain the cerebrospinal fluid.
The nervous system plays a crucial role in daily life by controlling movement, thought, and body functions. Different parts of the brain, such as the cerebrum and cerebellum, are responsible for conscious and unconscious activities, while structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus regulate sensory signals and essential bodily processes. The brain is protected by layers of membranes, including the arachnoid mater and dura mater, and is supported by cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions and nourishes the nervous system.
Understanding the nervous system provides valuable knowledge about how the body functions. If you have concerns about neurological health, consulting a healthcare professional can provide further guidance and evaluation. At Singapore Brain Spine and Nerves Centre, we are dedicated to sharing medical insights and supporting neurological health.
